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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 61(2): e2589, abr.-jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408998

ABSTRACT

Prescritos en la práctica clínica por su eficacia. En su inicio se utilizó para tratar la angina de pecho. hoy día es usado para el tratamiento de cualquier forma de taquicardia. Objetivo: Reconocer la prescripción de la Amiodarona y sus efectos adversos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión descriptiva en las bases de datos de Lilacs donde se encontraron 18 artículos y en PubMed/Medline (Mesh) 206 artículos, de los cuales se le aplicaron los criterios de inclusión a 51 artículos. Conclusiones: La amiodarona es uno de los antiarrítmicos más utilizados para el tratamiento de las arritmias, su variedad de efectos adversos y toxicidad es conocida, por tanto, los pacientes en tratamiento ameritan un minucioso monitoreo(AU)


Introduction: Amiodarone is one of the most prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs in clinical practice due to its efficacy. Initially it was used to treat angina pectoris, however, today it is used to treat any form of tachycardia. Objective: To identify the prescription of amiodarone and its adverse effects. Methods: A descriptive review was carried out in Lilacs databases where 18 articles were found and in PubMed/Medline (Mesh) 206 articles were retrieved. The inclusion criteria were applied to 51 articles. Conclusions: Amiodarone is one of the most widely used antiarrhythmic drugs for the treatment of arrhythmias, its variety of adverse effects and toxicity is known, therefore, patients undergoing treatment justify careful monitoring(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tachycardia/drug therapy , Tachycardia/epidemiology , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Angina Pectoris/drug therapy , Epidemiology, Descriptive
2.
Brasília; s.n; 22 jul.2020.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117681

ABSTRACT

O Informe Diário de Evidências é uma produção do Ministério da Saúde que tem como objetivo acompanhar diariamente as publicações científicas sobre tratamento farmacológico e vacinas para a COVID-19. Dessa forma, são realizadas buscas estruturadas em bases de dados biomédicas, referentes ao dia anterior desse informe. Não são incluídos estudos pré-clínicos (in vitro, in vivo, in silico). A frequência dos estudos é demonstrada de acordo com a sua classificação metodológica (revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados, coortes, entre outros). Para cada estudo é apresentado um resumo com avaliação da qualidade metodológica. Essa avaliação tem por finalidade identificar o grau de certeza/confiança ou o risco de viés de cada estudo. Para tal, são utilizadas ferramentas já validadas e consagradas na literatura científica, na área de saúde baseada em evidências. Cabe ressaltar que o documento tem caráter informativo e não representa uma recomendação oficial do Ministério da Saúde sobre a temática. Foram encontrados 20 artigos e 10 protocolos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Azithromycin/therapeutic use , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Oseltamivir/therapeutic use , Lopinavir/therapeutic use , Interferon beta-1a/therapeutic use , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/instrumentation , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Chinese Medical Journal ; (24): 309-317, 2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-877957

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Post hoc analysis of the landmark atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management trial revealed that amiodarone was associated with higher risks of mortality, intensive care unit admission, and non-cardiovascular death. We aim to evaluate the association between amiodarone use and patient survival under updated medical mode and level using data from the China Atrial Fibrillation (China-AF) Registry study.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 8161 non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients who were antiarrhythmic drug (AAD)-naive before enrollment into the China-AF Registry, recruited between August 2011 and February 2017, were collected. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between amiodarone use and the outcome. We also calculated the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance at the penultimate follow-up.@*RESULTS@#Compared with 6167 patients of non-AAD group, 689 patients of the amiodarone group were younger (mean age 65.6 vs. 68.6 years), more frequently completed high school education, had fewer comorbidities such as chronic heart failure, prior bleeding, and stroke, and were more likely to be treated in tertiary hospitals while less hospitalization. The proportion of persistent AF was much lower among users of amiodarone, who were also less likely to be taking oral anticoagulants. The patients in the amiodarone group had a statistically insignificant lower incidence of all-cause mortality (2.44 vs. 3.91 per 100 person-years) over a mean follow-up duration of 300.6 ± 77.5 days. After adjusting for potential confounders, amiodarone use was not significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.49). Sub-group analysis revealed the consistent results. The rate of sinus rhythm maintenance at the penultimate follow-up in the amiodarone group was significantly higher than in the non-AAD group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our study indicated that amiodarone use was not significantly associated with a lower risk of 1-year all-cause mortality compared with a non-AAD strategy in "real-world" patients with NVAF.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , China , Prospective Studies , Registries
4.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 23(3): e20180326, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1001974

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors associated to Potential Drug Interactions with High Alert Medications in the Intensive Care Unit of a Sentinel Hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional, retrospective study using a quantitative approach carried out at a Sentinel Hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The research was based on the analysis of the prescriptions of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital, in a period of one year, in order to identify the drug interactions related to high alert medications in these prescriptions. Results: Of the 60 prescriptions analyzed, 244 were selected. In these prescriptions, 846 potential drug interactions related to high alert medications and 33 high alert medications were identified. Of the 112 types of potential drug interactions identified, some were more recurrent: tramadol e ondansetron, midazolam and omeprazole, regular insulin and hydrocortisone, fentanyl and midazolam, and regular insulin and noradrenaline. The variables polypharmacy, length of hospital stay, and some specific medications were associated with drug interactions with high alert medications. Conclusion and Implications for practice: It is important to strengthen strategies to reduce adverse drug events. Therefore, the relevance of studies that investigate the origin of these events is highlighted. Drug interactions can represent medication errors. It's indispensable to work with strategies to better manage the medication system.


RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los puntos asociados a las Interacciones Medicamentos Potenciales con Medicamentos de alta vigilancia en un Centro de Cuidados Intensivos de un Hospital de Guardia. Métodos: estudio transversal, retrospectivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital de guardia en Rio de Janeiro. Esta investigación se basó en el análisis de las prescripciones medicamentosas de pacientes internados en un Centro de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital, en un período de 1 año, con el objetivo de identificar las interacciones medicamentosas relacionadas con Medicamentos de alta Vigilancia recurrentes en las mismas. Resultados: de los informes analizados, se seleccionaron 244 prescripciones medicamentosas. En las 244 prescripciones de medicamentos, se pudieron identificar 846 Interacciones de Medicamentos Potenciales (IMP) relacionados a Medicamentos de Alta Vigilancia y 33 Medicamentos de Alta Vigilancia. De los 112 tipos de interacciones de medicamentos potenciales identificados, algunos han sido más recurrentes; a saber: tramadol y ondansetrón, midazolam y omeprazol, insulina regular e hidrocortisona, fentanilo y midazolam, insulina regular y noradrenalina. Las variables polifarmacia, tiempo de internación y algunos medicamentos específicos se asociaron a las interacciones medicamentosas potenciales con Medicamentos de Alta Vigilancia. Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica: es importante fortalecer las estrategias para reducir los eventos adversos relacionados con medicamentos. Por lo tanto, se destaca la relevancia de los estudios que plantean la naturaleza de estos eventos. Las interacciones medicamentosas pueden provocar errores de medicación. Es imprescindible trabajar con estrategias para administrar mejor el sistema de medicación.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados às Interações Medicamentosas Potenciais com Medicamentos de alta vigilância em Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um Hospital Sentinela. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital sentinela no Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa apoiou-se na análise das prescrições de pacientes internados no setor, com recorte temporal de 1 ano, a fim de identificar as interações medicamentosas relacionadas a medicamentos de alta vigilância recorrentes nas mesmas. Resultados: Dos 60 prontuários analisados, selecionaram-se 244 prescrições. Nelas identificaram-se 846 interações medicamentosas potenciais, relacionadas aos medicamentos de alta vigilância e 33 medicamentos de alta vigilância. Dos 112 pares de interações identificadas, foram mais recorrentes: tramadol e ondansetrona, midazolam e omeprazol, insulina regular e hidrocortisona, fentanil e midazolam, e insulina regular e noradrenalina. As variáveis polifarmácia, tempo de internação e alguns medicamentos específicos foram associadas às interações com medicamentos de alta vigilância. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática: É importante fortalecer as estratégias para reduzir os eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos. Portanto, destaca-se a relevância de estudos que levantem a natureza desses eventos. As interações medicamentosas podem configurar erros de medicação. Portanto, é indispensável que se trabalhe com estratégias para melhor manejar o sistema de medicação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Drug Interactions , Pharmacovigilance , Tramadol/therapeutic use , Health Profile , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Omeprazole/therapeutic use , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Norepinephrine/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Medical Records , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Ondansetron/therapeutic use , Polypharmacy , Insulin, Regular, Human/therapeutic use , Patient Safety , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Inpatients , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
5.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(4): 167-172, out.-dez. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-999253

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) engloba complexo espectro de apresentações, não sendo incomuns episódios de morte arrítmica em portadores de função ventricular esquerda preservada (FVEP) ou quase normal (FVEQN). Métodos: Avaliação retrospectiva de 7 portadores de CCC por 4 anos, com FVEP, submetidos a implante de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) devido taquicardia ou fibrilação ventricular (TV/FV). Foram realizadas avaliações clínica, estrutural e eletrocardiográfica. Resultados: Idade média: 57,5±4,45 anos e 71,4% do sexo masculino. Função ventricular esquerda (FVE) inicial foi de 56,14%±4,45, com alterações contrácteis em 100% e hipocinesia inferior em 85,7%. Classe funcional I: 100% sem modificações ao seguimento. Escore de Rassi avaliado previamente ao evento foi de 4,85±0,89. Síncope constituiu a apresentação inicial em 100%, média de 2 episódios por paciente e intervalo de 4 semanas entre os mesmos. Houve alterações em 85,71% dos eletrocardiogramas, sendo bloqueio de ramo direito a principal. TV sustentada foi encontrada em 100%; sítio epicárdico em 71,42% e saída anterolateral do ventrículo esquerdo em 57,14%. A FVE sequencial foi de 54%±3,31; sem alterações contráteis novas. Amiodarona e betabloqueadores foram os fármacos utilizados. Terapias apropriadas aconteceram em 100%; média de 2,1 choques por paciente, com 52,63% dos registros nos primeiros 14 meses. Não foram evidenciados óbitos, terapias inapropriadas ou tempestade elétrica. Conclusão: O elevado número de terapias corrobora o risco arrítmico desta população, ratifica a importância do dispositivo e alerta para a eficácia da terapia clínica. Síncope pode estar associada a maior risco de eventos arrítmicos na CCC


Introduction: Chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) encompasses a complex spectrum of presentations, and episodes of arrhythmic death in patients with preserved left ventricular (PLVF) or near normal (VFNN) are not uncommon. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 7 patients with PLVF, submitted for implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) due to tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT / VF). Clinical, structural and electrocardiographic evaluations were performed. Results: Mean age was 57.5±4.45 years. Male sex comprised 71.4%. Left ventricular function (LVF) was 56.14%±4.45 with contractile changes in 100% and lower hypokinesia in 85.7%. Functional class I was evidenced in 100% without changes in follow-up. The Rassi score evaluated before the event was 4.85±0.89. Syncope was the initial presentation in 100%, average of 2 episodes per patient and interval of 4 weeks between them. Electrocardiogram showed alterations in 85.71% being right bundle branch block. Sustained VT was evidenced in 100%; epicardial site in 71.42% and left ventricular anterolateral outlet in 57.14%. The sequential LVF was 54%±3.31; without new contractile changes. Amiodarone and beta-blockers were the drugs used. Appropriate therapies occurred in 100%; average of 2.1 shocks per patient with 52.63% of the records in the first 14 months. There were no deaths, inappropriate therapies or electrical storm. Conclusion: The high number of therapies corroborates the arrhythmic risk of this population, ratifies the importance of the device and disputes the effectiveness of clinical therapy. Syncope may be associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic events in CCC


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Ventricular Function , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Defibrillators, Implantable , Secondary Prevention/methods , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Stroke Volume , Syncope , Bundle-Branch Block/complications , Bundle-Branch Block/diagnosis , Echocardiography/methods , Sex Factors , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Chagas Disease/therapy , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use
6.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967786

ABSTRACT

Relato de caso de um paciente de 78 anos de idade, portador de marcapasso dupla-câmara há mais de 10 anos por doença do nó sinusal, bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau e bloqueio de ramo direito, que se apresentou com taquicardia de QRS largo incessante e alternância de morfologia do QRS entre deflagração e inibição do canal ventricular


We describe the case of a 78-year-old patient who received a dual-chamber pacemaker implant ten years ago due to sick sinus syndrome, first degree heart block and right bundle branch block and now presents with an incessant wide QRS tachycardia with alternating morphology between deflagration and inhibition of the pacemaker's ventricular channel


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Paroxysmal/therapy , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Pacemaker, Artificial , Bundle-Branch Block , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrophysiology/methods , Atrioventricular Block , Heart Atria , Heart Ventricles , Amiodarone/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 28(3): 276-285, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-916531

ABSTRACT

As taquicardias de QRS estreito apresentam origem supraventricular. O histórico clínico, exame físico e eletrocardiograma na sala de emergência constituem-se nas principais ferramentas para o tratamento do quadro. As taquicardias que apresentam instabilidade hemodinâmica devem ser, imediatamente, revertidas através de cardioversão elétrica sincronizada. Aquelas que se apresentam como estáveis hemodinamicamente podem, se regulares, ser tratadas através de manobras vagais ou através do uso de fármacos endovenosos. Se irregulares, podem caracterizar fibrilação e flutter atrial, sendo, então, avaliados a duração do episódio e o risco de tromboembolismo para determinar não apenas a necessidade de anticoagulação, mas também a estratégia para tratamento do quadro, seja através do controle da frequência cardíaca ou do controle do ritmo, este último podendo ser alcançado através do uso de fármacos (propafenona oral ou amiodarona endovenosa) ou da cardioversão elétrica sincronizada. Dessa forma, o papel do clínico na sala de emergência é fundamental para garantir a condução adequada dos episódios de taquicardia supraventricular, especialmente, na prevenção ou pronta intervenção em caso de deterioração hemodinâmica relacionada ao quadro


Narrow QRS tachycardias are supraventricular in origin. The clinical history, physical exam, and electrocardiogram in the emergency room are the main tools used to manage this condition. Tachycardias that present haemodynamic instability must be promptly reverted through synchronized electrical cardioversion. Those that present haemodynamic stability may be treated with vagal maneuvers or intravenous drugs. If irregular, they may take the form of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, and in this case, the duration of the episode and the thromboembolic risk are evaluated to determine not only the need for anticoagulation, but also the treatment strategy, whether through heart rate or rhythm control. The latter may be achieved through the use of drugs (oral propafenone or intravenous amiodarone) or synchronized electrical cardioversion. The role of the clinician in the emergency room is therefore fundamental in ensuring adequate conduct of episodes of supraventricular tachycardia, especially in prevention or prompt intervention in case of haemodynamic deterioration related to the condition


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Therapeutics , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/diagnostic imaging , Emergencies , Atrial Fibrillation , Propafenone/adverse effects , Propafenone/therapeutic use , Bundle-Branch Block/diagnosis , Electric Countershock/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Heparin/adverse effects , Heparin/therapeutic use , Verapamil/adverse effects , Verapamil/therapeutic use , Adenosine/adverse effects , Adenosine/therapeutic use , Prevalence , Electrocardiography/methods , Amiodarone/therapeutic use
8.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 28(3): 291-295, jul.-ago. 2018. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-916538

ABSTRACT

Um dos grandes desafios no atendimento dos pacientes nas unidades de emergência é o tratamento das arritmias ventriculares, principalmente, quando sustentadas e recorrentes, pois são de difícil tratamento e estão associadas à alta mortalidade. O principal mecanismo envolvido na sustentação das taquicardias ventriculares é o mecanismo de reentrada, devido às cicatrizes miocárdicas secundárias a diversas cardiopatias estruturais. A tempestade elétrica pode ser séria quando ocorre em portadores de desfibriladores automáticos, provocando múltiplos choques correspondentes fora do ambiente hospitalar. Nesses casos é necessária a internação hospitalar, onde medidas específicas e escalonadas de tratamento são realizadas, indo desde o manejo clínico até intervenções específicas, como programação de dispositivos eletrônicos, intervenções eletrofisiológicas ou cirúrgicas


One of the biggest challenges in the care of patients in emergency units is the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, particularly when sustained and relapsing, as they are difficult to treat and are associated with high mortality. The main mechanism involved in the maintenance of ventricular tachycardias is the mechanism of reentry, due to myocardial scars secondary to various structural heart diseases. The electrical storm may be serious when it occurs in patients with automatic defibrillators, causing multiple corresponding shocks outside the hospital setting. In these cases, admission to hospital is necessary, where specific and stepwise treatment measures are performed, ranging from clinical management to specific interventions, such as programming of electronic devices, and electrophysiological or surgical interventions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pacemaker, Artificial , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Quinidine/therapeutic use , Verapamil/therapeutic use , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Defibrillators , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography/methods , Brugada Syndrome/diagnosis , Brugada Syndrome/therapy , Heart , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Amiodarone/therapeutic use
9.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 28(3): 302-311, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-916547

ABSTRACT

A incidência exata de parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) mesmo em países com registros clínicos bem estruturados ainda é desconhecida, mas as estimativas variam de 180.000 a mais de 450.000 mortes anuais. A etiologia mais comum da PCR é a doença cardiovascular isquêmica que ocasiona no desenvolvimento de arritmias letais. A sobrevivência decorrente da PCR apresenta desfechos divergentes. No cenário extra-hospitalar, os estudos relataram taxas de sobrevida de 1% a 6%. Três revisões sistemáticas de alta hospitalar sobre a PCR extra-hospitalar mostraram 5% a 10% de sobrevida entre aqueles tratados através de serviços médicos de emergência e 15% quando o distúrbio do ritmo era a fibrilação ventricular (FV). O suporte básico de vida consiste em ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) e, quando disponível, desfibrilação com desfibrilador externo automático (DEA). As chaves para a sobrevivência após a PCR são reconhecimento e tratamento precoces, especificamente, início imediato de excelente RCP e desfibrilação precoce. O presente artigo discutirá os princípios do suporte básico de vida em adultos do pré-hospitalar à sala de emergência, conforme descritos nas Diretrizes de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e Atendimento Cardiovascular de Emergência do ILCOR e AHA, atualizadas em novembro de 2017


The exact incidence of cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) even in countries with well-structured clinical records is still unknown, but estimates range from 180,000 to over 450,000 annual deaths. The most common etiology of CRA is ischemic cardiovascular disease, resulting in the development of lethal arrhythmias. Survival of CRA shows divergent outcomes. In the out-of-hospital setting, studies have reported survival rates of 1% to 6%. Three systematic reviews of hospital discharge on extra-hospital CRA showed 5% to 10% survival between those treated by emergency medical services and 15% when the rhythm disorder was ventricular fibrillation (VF). Basic life support consists of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and, when available, defibrillation with an automatic external defibrillator (AED). The keys to survival of CRA are early recognition and treatment, specifically, immediate onset of excellent CPR and early defibrillation. This article will discuss the basics of adult life support from prehospital to emergency room, as outlined in the ILCOR and AHA Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, updated in November 2017


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Emergency Treatment/methods , Prehospital Care/methods , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Ventricular Fibrillation/therapy , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Electric Countershock/methods , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Defibrillators, Implantable , Defibrillators , Electrodes , Heart Arrest/etiology , Amiodarone/therapeutic use
11.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 20(2): 61-62, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1128534

ABSTRACT

El embarazo es una situación clínica donde se produce un aumento fisiológico de la síntesis de hormona tiroidea y en la cual su carencia puede acarrear morbilidad perinatal. A partir de una viñeta clínica en la cual una médica solicita determinaciones de TSH y hormonas tiroideas a una mujer embarazada asintomática, la autora se plantea la utilidad del rastreo de hipotiroidismo en el embarazo. Luego de realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica y seleccionar la evidencia más reciente y de mejor calidad, se concluye que actualmente no existe sustento para rastrear hipotiroidismo en esta población. Por su parte, diferentes organizaciones recomiendan, a través de sus guías de práctica clínica, la búsqueda de casos teniendo en cuenta factores de riesgo específicos. (AU)


Pregnancy is a clinical condition where there is a physiological increase of thyroid hormone synthesis and in which its deficiency can lead to perinatal morbidity. From a clinical vignette in which a physician requests both TSH and thyroid hormone determinations to an asymptomatic pregnant woman, the author explores the usefulness hypothyroidism scree-ning in pregnancy. After carrying out a bibliographic search and selecting the most recent and best quality evidence, it is concluded that there is currently no firm evidence for sustaining hypothyroidism screening in this population. Although, different organizations recommend through its clinical practice guidelines hypothyroidism case finding in pregnancy taking into account specific risk factors. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Thyroid Hormones/physiology , Risk Factors , Perinatal Mortality , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Lithium/therapeutic use
12.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 25(4): 200-206, out.-dez.2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789231

ABSTRACT

As taquicardias ventriculares são as arritmias cardíacas com maior potencial de instabilidade clínica e mortalidade cardíaca. Embora possam ocorrer no contexto de pacientes sem cardiopatia estrutural demonstrável, quase sempre ocorrem em coração estruturalmente alterado, com substrato anatômico para reentradas. As alterações cardíacas podem ser isquêmicas e não isquêmica. A distinção entre as etiologias é importante por terem diferentes mecanismos e origens de taquicardia ventricular, que irá determinar a escolha do tratamento adequado das arritmias ventriculares e prevenção de morte súbita. Os principais objetivos no manejo destes pacientes são: a reversão imediata da taquicardia, a prevençãode recorrências e a redução da mortalidade cardiovascular. Atualmente os fármacos com eficácia e perfil de segurança mais utilizados para tratamento de taquicardia ventricular em pacientes com cardiopatia estrutural são os betabloqueadores, amiodarona e sotalol. Com exceção dos betabloqueadores, os antiarrítmicos não possuem a eficácia em manejo primário ou na prevenção de morte súbita demonstrada em estudos clínicos randomizados atuais de forma consistente. Em portadores de cardiodesfibrilador implantável, os antiarrítmicos podem atuar na supressão das taquicardias ventriculares não sustentadas e sustentadas, na lentificação das taquicardias ventriculares com intuito de facilitar a reversão por antitachycardia pacing e prevenir sincopes, além de controlas as taquicardias supraventriculares. Devido aos efeitos colaterais e potencial efeito pró-arrítmico, devem ser utilizados com precaução e com controle adequado...


Ventricular tachycardia is the cardiac arrhythmia with the most potential to result in clinical instability and cardiac mortality. Although it can occur in patients without structural heart disease, it tends to occur where there is underlying heart disease, with anatomical substrate for reentry. It can be subdivided into ischemic and non-ischemic. This is an important distinction, because the mechanisms and origins of ventricular tachycardia may differ between the two, which will determine the choice of treatment for the ventricular arrhythmia and help prevent sudden death. The objective in clinical management of these patients includes: immediate reversal of tachycardia, prevention of relapses, and reducing cardiovascular mortality. The beta-blockers amiodarone and sotalol are currently the most commonly used antiarrhythmic agents, with the best efficacy and safety profile for treating ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease. With the exception of beta-blockers, currently available antiarrhythmic drugs have not been shown, in randomized clinical trials, to be effective in the primary management of patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias or in the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Inpatients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the potential beneficial effects of antiarrhythmic drugs may be the suppression of non-sustained and sustained ventricular tachycardias, slowing of ventricular tachycardia rate to facilitate pace termination or prevent syncope, and control of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Due to potential adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs and the risk of proarrhythmia, close monitoring of the patient is recommended...


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Myocardial Ischemia , Patients , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Amiodarone/administration & dosage , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/therapy , Drug Therapy/methods , Sotalol/adverse effects , Sotalol/therapeutic use , Heart Ventricles
13.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 1552-1558, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-177070

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Electric cardioversion has been successfully used in terminating symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, largescale study about the acute cardiovascular events following electrical cardioversion of AF is lacking. This study was performed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical consequences of acute cardiovascular events following electrical cardioversion of AF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 1100 AF patients (mean age 60+/-11 years) who received cardioversion at four tertiary hospitals. Hospitalizations for stroke/transient ischemic attack, major bleedings, and arrhythmic events during 30 days post electric cardioversion were assessed. RESULTS: The mean duration of anticoagulation before cardioversion was 95.8+/-51.6 days. The mean International Normalized Ratio at the time of cardioversion was 2.4+/-0.9. The antiarrhythmic drugs at the time of cardioversion were class I (45%), amiodarone (40%), beta-blocker (53%), calcium-channel blocker (21%), and other medication (11%). The success rate of terminating AF via cardioversion was 87% (n=947). Following cardioversion, 5 strokes and 5 major bleedings occurred. The history of stroke/transient ischemic attack (OR 6.23, 95% CI 1.69-22.90) and heart failure (OR 6.40, 95% CI 1.77-23.14) were among predictors of thromboembolic or bleeding events. Eight patients were hospitalized for bradyarrhythmia. These patients were more likely to have had a lower heart rate prior to the procedure (p=0.045). Consequently, 3 of these patients were implanted with a permanent pacemaker. CONCLUSION: Cardioversion appears as a safe procedure with a reasonably acceptable cardiovascular event rate. However, to prevent the cardiovascular events, several risk factors should be considered before cardioversion.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Bradycardia/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Electric Countershock/methods , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Incidence , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
14.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 24(4): 56-60, out.-dez. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-761241

ABSTRACT

Os sinais e sintomas cardiovasculares das doenças de tiroide são achados clinicamente relevantes que acompanham tanto o hipertiroidismo quanto o hipotiroidismo. Com o conhecimento dos mecanismos celulares da ação dos hormônios da tiroide no coração e no sistema cardiovascular, podemos entender as alterações no débito cardíaco, contratilidade miocárdica, pressão arterial, resistência vascular e distúrbios do ritmo que resultam da disfunção da tiroide. A importância do reconhecimento dos efeitos da doença da tiroide sobre o coração também vem da observação de que a normalização da função da tiroide reverte as alterações hemodinâmicas. Nesta revisão, discutiremos os testes de função da tiroide necessários para o diagnóstico, bem como o tratamento necessário para restaurar o estado de eutiroidismo. A avaliação da função da tiroide em pacientes com doenças crônicas é difícil, especialmente pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.Muitos destes pacientes têm baixos níveis séricos tanto de tiroxina(T4) quanto de triiodotironina (T3), e os seus níveis séricos detirotropina (TSH) também podem estar baixos. Apesar destas anormalidades, o tratamento desses pacientes com hormônio tiroidiano, além de controverso, parece ser de pouco benefício,inclusive podendo ser deletério. É possível que as alterações nas funções da tiroide durante doenças graves sejam protetoras, pois previnem excessivo catabolismo tecidual. Nós também revisamos as alterações no metabolismo do hormônio tiroidiano e o seu tratamento em pacientes com alterações dos testes de função tiroidiana induzidos por amiodarona.


The cardiovascular signs and symptoms of thyroid disease areclinically relevant findings that accompany both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. On the basis of the understanding of the cellular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action on the heart and cardiovascular system, it is possible to explain the changes in cardiacoutput, cardiac contractility, blood pressure, vascular resistance,and rhythm disturbances that result from thyroid dysfunction. The importance of the recognition of the effects of thyroid disease on the heart also derives from the observation that restoration of normal thyroid function most often reverses the abnormal cardiovascular hemodynamics. In the present review, we discuss the appropriate thyroid function tests to establish a suspected diagnosis as well asthe treatment modalities necessary to restore patients to a euthyroidstate. Assessment of thyroid function in patients with nonthyroidalillness is difficult, especially among those hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Many of them have low serum concentrations of both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and their serumthyrotropin (TSH) concentration also may be low. Despite these abnormalities, treatment of these patients with thyroid hormone,while controversial, appears to be of little benefit, and may beharmful. It is possible that the changes in thyroid function during severe illness are protective in that they prevent excessive tissue catabolism. We also review the alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism and the approach to the management of patients with amiodarone-induced alterations in thyroid function tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiomegaly/complications , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Thyroxine/adverse effects , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Intensive Care Units/history
16.
Rev. méd. hered ; 23(1): 45-47, ene.-mar. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-620774

ABSTRACT

Se describe el caso de una mujer de 57 años de edad, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Wolf Parkinson White, en tratamiento con amiodarona 200 mg/día; que acudió por presentar palpitaciones, fatiga y aumento de sueño. Al examen físico no se encontró bocio, pero los reflejos osteotendinosos estaban prolongados. Los exámenes auxiliares mostraron TSH elevado, T4 libre disminuido y anticuerpos antiperoxidasa tiroidea negativos. Se suspendió la amiodarona y se inició levotiroxina. Después de dos meses; los niveles de TSH y T4 libre eran normales y la paciente no presentaba molestias. La amiodarona está asociada a diversos efectos adversos que pueden limitar su uso. Entre estos efectos adversos, se describe el hipotiroidismo inducido, que se caracteriza por TSH elevado, T4 libre disminuido y síntomas inespecíficos como fatiga, intolerancia al frío y piel seca. El tratamiento de elección es la levotiroxina.


We report a case of a Wolf Parkinson White syndrome in a 57-yearl-old woman receiving amiodarone (200 mg/ day) who presented with tachycardia, fatigue and somnolence. The physical examination did not reveal goiter, but the osteotendinous reflexes were brisk. Laboratory examinations revealed high TSH level, low T4 free level and negative antiperoxidase antibodies. Amiodarone was stopped and levotiroxine was started. Two months after, TSH and T4 free levels were normal and the patient was asymptomatic. Amiodarone is associated with several side effects that can preclude its indication; one of these side effects is hypothiroidism, characterized by high TSH levels, low T4 free levels and unspecific symptoms such as fatigue, cool intolerance and dry skin. The treatment of choice is levotiroxine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Hypothyroidism , Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome/diagnosis , Thyroiditis
18.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 71(6): 521-524, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633911

ABSTRACT

La forma congénita de la taquicardia ectópica de la unión (TEU) es una arritmia poco frecuente que suele presentar dificultades en su manejo farmacológico, con altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue informar la experiencia en el seguimiento y el tratamiento de esta forma de taquicardia supraventricular en pacientes menores de un año. Se identificaron siete pacientes con TEU congénita en 28 meses de seguimiento entre 2008 y 2010. El diagnóstico fue realizado en el primer día de vida en cuatro pacientes y dentro de los 150 días de vida en los 3 restantes. Sólo dos presentaron miocardiopatía dilatada. Ninguno presentó cardiopatía estructural. Se utilizó amiodarona en todos los pacientes, en un caso como única droga, asociándose a propanolol en cuatro. En un paciente se asoció flecainida a estos dos fármacos y en otro se la combinó con amiodarona. En un tiempo de seguimiento con un rango de 1-28 meses (media 12.2 meses, mediana 9.75 meses) en tres de los pacientes se consiguió obtener ritmo sinusal alternante con taquicardia nodal lenta; ninguno presentó efectos adversos secundarios a la medicación, ni deterioro de la función ventricular. Hubo sólo una muerte en el grupo estudiado. En conclusión, la combinación de fármacos antiarrítmicos (amiodarona más propranolol y eventualmente flecainida) constituye una alternativa válida para un adecuado control de la TEU congénita en pacientes menores de un año de edad.


Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a rare arrhythmia that can be refractory to medical therapy with high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to report our experience with pharmacologic management of congenital JET in infants. Seven patients with congenital JET were identified between 2008 and 2010. Only two of them presented dilated cardiomyopathy. There were no congenital structural defects. Amiodarone was given to all the patients, as single therapy in one, and in combination with propranolol in four. In one patient flecainide was administered together with amiodarone and propranolol, and in another patient was used combined with amiodarone. During follow- up with an average time of 12.2 months (median 9.75 months, range 1-28 months), sinus rhythm alternating with slow junctional tachycardia was successfully achieved in 3 patients; no side effects were detected. There was only one death in our study group. The combination of different antiarrhythmics (amiodarone plus propranolol, and eventually flecainide) is a valid option for rhythm control and management of JET in infants.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional/drug therapy , Electrocardiography , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional/diagnosis
19.
Ann Card Anaesth ; 2011 Sept; 14(3): 176-182
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-139605

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of prophylactic single-dose intravenous amiodarone in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. Maintenance of sinus rhythm is better than maintenance of fixed ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation (AF) especially in the presence of irritable left or right atrium because of enlargement. Fifty-six patients with valvular heart disease with or without AF were randomly divided into two groups. Group I or the amiodarone group (n=28) received amiodarone (3 mg/kg in 100 ml normal saline) and group II or the control group received same volume of normal saline. The standardized protocol for cardiopulmonary bypass was maintained for all the patients. AF occurred in 7.14% patients in group I, and in group II, 28.57% (P=0.035); ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation was observed in 21.43% patients in group I and 46.43% patients in group II (P=0.089) after release of aortic clamp. Most of the patients in group I (92.86%) maintained sinus rhythm without cardioversion or defibrillation after release of aortic cross clamp (P=0.002). Defibrillation or cardio version was needed in 7.14% patients in group I and 28.57% patients in group II (P=0.078). A single prophylactic intraoperative dose of intravenous amiodarone decreased post bypass arrhythmia in this study in comparison to the control group. Single dose of intraoperative amiodarone may be used to decrease postoperative arrhythmia in open heart surgery.


Subject(s)
Adult , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Atrial Fibrillation/prevention & control , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Electric Countershock , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rheumatic Heart Disease/surgery
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